Labre, Antonio Rodriguez Pereira, 1872, Rio Purus, Noticias, Typ. do Paiz Pires, 50p., Maranhão.

Labre, Antonio Rodriguez Pereira, 1889, Colonel Labre's Explorations in the region between the Beni and Madre de Dios Rivers, and the Purus, Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Society, n.s., XI:496-502.

Lacaze, Didier & Michel Alexiades, [1991], Ametra 2001: an integrated approach to health care in the Peruvian Amazon, ms.

La Condamine, Charles de, 1751, Relation abrégée d'un voyage dans l'intérieur de l'Amérique Méridionale, Mémoires de l'Académie de Paris. [Excerpts reprinted in 1981: Voyage sur l'Amazone, 1743-1744, Maspero, Paris.]

Lagrou, Elsje Maria, 1991, Uma Etnografia da Cultura Kaxinawa. Entre a cobra e o Inca, These de Mestrado, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 230pp. [Based on 4 months fieldwork, this well illustrated dissertation focussing on Cashinahua ethno-aesthetics attempts to decipher the subtleties of indigenous shamanism and cosmovision. Good presentation of Cashinahua artifacts, designs and motifs./PE]

Lagrou, Elsje, [1992], Creative Power and Productive Domestication in Piaroa and Cashinahua Aesthetics, working paper for a seminar on "Production and Exchange among the Indigenous Peoples of South America" given by J. Overing, Universidade de São Paulo.

Lagrou, Elsje, [1993], Resenha do artigo de Peter Gow: Visual Compulsion: Design and Image in Western Amazonian Cultures, trabalho apresentado no concurso para Professor Assistente na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.

Lagrou, Elsje Maria, [1993], Caminhos, Duplos e Corpos: a experiência visual entre os Kaxinawá, 29pp., Ms.

Lagrou, Elsje, 1994a, Hermenêutica e etnografia - uma reflexão sobre o uso da metáfora da textualidade para "ler" e "inscrever" culturas ágrafas, Revista de Antropologia, vol.37.

Lagrou, Elsje, 1994b, "A sedução do objeto", pp.90-101 in Silva, Vagner et alii., Antropologia e seus espelhos. A etnografia vista pelos observados / Seminário temático Antropologia e seus espelhos, USP, FFLCH-USP/FAPESP, São Paulo.

Lagrou, Elsje, 1995-6, Poder criativo e domesticação produtiva na estética piaroa e kaxinawá, Cadernos de Campo 5-7:47-61.Lagrou, Elsje, 1996, " Xamanismo e Representação entre os Kaxinawa " pp.197-231 in J. Langdon (org.), Novas Perspectivas sobre Xamanismo no Brasil, Florianopolis : Ed. da UFSC.

Lagrou, Elsje, 1998, Cashinahua Cosmovision: a perspectival approach to identity and alterity, Ph.D. dissertation, University of St. Andrews. [This thesis explores the interface of (Cashinahua) social and cosmogonic thought in an indigenous society of the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon. The first part sets out the Cashinahua ontological framework, describes key concepts and places the Cashinahua in the broader context of an Amerindian worldview where Perspectivism and a special philosophical interest in the questions of Alterity and Identity are central issues. These questions are dealt with by means of a complex dualistic symbolism that pervades the fields of ethnicity, gender, social life and ritual. The second part of the thesis is divided into two chapters (III & IV)]. Ch. III sets out the mythological framework in which the key concepts previously described gain a narrative form, while chapter IV describes the Nixpu pima initiation ritual of girls and boys and shows how this ritual represents an important moment of synthesis and actualisation of the Cashinahua worldview. The initiation ritual illustrates how the Cashinahua basic ontological distinctions between the embodied and rooted self as opposed to free-floating images and spirits are expressed in a graphic way and guide ritual action. Throughout the thesis references are also made to the intimate association and mutual illumination between, on the one hand, the Cashinahua worldview, social life and ontology, and, on the other, eschatology and indigenous conceptions of death. (Authors' summary).]

Lamar, T.C., 1985, Medicinal Plant use of the Shipibo Indians of the Peruvian Montaña, Master's Thesis, Washington State University.

Lamb, Bruce, 1981a, Wizard of the Upper Amazon as Ethnography, Current Anthropology, 22(5):577-579.

Lamb, Bruce, 1981b, Comment on Bock's review of The Don Juan Papers, American Anthropologist, 83(3):641.

Lamb, Bruce, 1985, Rio Tigre and Beyond: The Amazon Jungle Medicine of Manuel Cordova, North Atlantic Books, Berkeley. [Sequel to Cordova-Rios & Lamb 1971; information on the Remo and Capanahua./PE]

Lamb, Bruce, 1986, Commentary on book review by Timothy White of Rio Tigre and Beyond (F.B. Lamb), Shaman's Drum.

Lamb, Bruce, 1987, "Der Magier vom Amazonas: Authentische oder Pseudo-Ethnographie?" pp.181-198 in H.P. Duerr, ed., Authentizität und Betrug in der Ethnologie, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt. [The latter four texts, well documented, answer unfavorable reviews published by Dobkin de Rios 1972, Carneiro 1980, Ph. Bock 1981, & White 1986; for a favorable review, see Schultes, 1986./PE]

Lamb, Bruce, 1994, Kidnapped in the Amazon Jungle, North Atlantic Books, Berkeley. [Yet another rendering of Cordova Rios' story./PE]

Lamb, Bruce, 1996, Le sorcier du haut-amazone, Editions du Mirail, Toulouse.

Lamb: see Cordova Rios.

Landi Omar, & Edmilson Siquiera, 1985, Coisas de Indio, Icone Editora, São Paulo. [Co-authored by a journalist and a dismissed base chief of funai; pp.41-98 on Marubo, Mayoruna, Korubo, Matis; very controversial./PE]

Lange, Algot, 1912, In the Amazon Jungle: adventures in remote parts of the Upper Amazon River, including a sojourn among cannibal indians, G.P. Putnam's Sons, the Knickerbocker Press, N.Y. & London. [Partly apocryphal; pretends to have explored the middle Itui and witnessed Mangeroma exo-cannibalism. Data on drummed messages./PE]

Larrabure y Correa, Carlos, 1905-09, Colección de Leyes, Decretos, Resoluciónes y otros documentos oficiales referentes al Departamento de Loreto, 18 vol., Imprenta La Opinión Nacional, Lima. [Important collection of texts, totalling above 10.000 pages./PE]

Larrabure y Correa, Carlos, 1907, La región fluvial del Yuruá-Purus-Madre de Dios, Boletín de la Sociedad Geográfica de Lima, 21:306-310.

Lathrap, Donald W., 1958, The Cultural Sequence at Yarinacocha, Eastern Peru, American Antiquity, XXIII(4):379-388.

Lathrap, Donald W., 1962, Yarinacocha: Stratification Excavations in the Peruvian Montaña, Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University.

Lathrap, Donald W., 1963, Los Andes Centrales y la Montaña, Revista del Museo Nacional de Lima, XXXII:197-202.

Lathrap, Donald W., 1965, Investigaciones en la Selva Peruana, 1964-1965, Boletín del Museo Nacional de Antropología y Arqueología, IV:9-12.

Lathrap, Donald W., 1968a, Aboriginal occupation and changes in the river channel of the central Ucayali, Peru, American Antiquity, XXXIII(1):62-79. [Estimates that a meander takes about 500 years to disappear./PE]

Lathrap, Donald W., [1968b], Wasëmëa and the rise of Mayakënë, paper read at the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Santa Fe, Ms. [Story of a female shaman who gave rise to a cult and renewed Shipibo style in the 50's, introducing the curvilinear "mayakënë"./PE]

Lathrap, Donald W., [1969], The transmission of Shipibo-Conibo art style: stylistic similarity and the structure of households, paper read at the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Milwaukee.

Lathrap, Donald W., 1970a, The Upper Amazon, Thames and Hudson, London. [Magnum opus; outdated but still indispensable.]

Lathrap, Donald W., [1970b], A Formal Analysis of Shipibo-Conibo Pottery and Its Implications for Studies of Panoan Prehistory, Ms. [Presented at the 35th annual meeting of the SAA, "The Ceramic Industries of Modern Panoan speakers and Their Implications Concerning Past Population Movement and Cultural Development in the Ucayali Basin of Peru"; transcribed by Ann Mester.]

Lathrap, Donald W., 1973a, The antiquity and importance of long distance trade relationships, World Archaeology, V(2):170-186. [Spanish version in Amazonía Peruana, N°7:79-97.]

Lathrap, Donald W., 1973b, Alternative Models of Population Movement in the Tropical Lowlands of South America, Acts of 39th International Congress of Americanists, vol.4:pp.13-23, Lima.

Lathrap, Donald W., 1973c, Summary or Model Building: How Does One Achieve a Meaningful Overview of a Continent's Prehistory?; Review of An Introduction to American Archaeology, II, South America, by G.R. Willey, American Anthropologist, 75:1755-1767.

Lathrap, Donald W., 1974, "The moist tropics, the arid lands, and the appearance of great art styles in the New World", pp.115-158 in M.E. King & I.R. Traylor, eds., Art and Environment in Native America, Texas Tech University, Lubbock Museum Publication N°7.

Lathrap, Donald W., 1976, "Shipibo Tourist Art", pp.197-207 in H.H. Graburn ed., Ethnic and Tourist Arts: Cultural Expressions from the Fourth World, Berkeley, University of California Press. [see Illius, 1992b.]

Lathrap, Donald W., 1983, "Recent Shipibo-Conibo Ceramics and their Implications for Archaeological Interpretation", pp.25-39 in D.K. Washburn, ed., Structure and Cognition in Art, Academic Press, N.Y.

Lathrap, Donald W.; Angelika Gebhart-Sayer & Ann Mester, 1985, The Roots of the Shipibo Art Style, Three waves on Imiriacocha or there were "Incas" before the Incas, Journal of Latin American Lore, XI(1):31-120. [This thought-provoking and abundantly illustrated intellectual legacy of its senior author develops a model according to which the Shipibo-Conibo and Cashinahua art-style ultimately derive from an invasion of Quechua-speaking "Inkas" supposed to have occupied Cumancaya until around A.D. 1000. The argument is founded on archaeological, linguistical and mythological data, the latter sometimes taken quite literally./PE]

Lathrap, Donald W.; Thomas Myers; Angelika Gebhart-Sayer, & Ann Mester, 1987, Further Discussion of the Roots of the Shipibo Art Style: a rejoinder to DeBoer and Raymond, Journal of Latin American Lore, XIII(2):225-272.

Lathrap, D.W.; R. C. Troike; A. Mester, & C. McEwan, 1987, Introduction to the Special Issue on Correlations Between Linguistics and Archaeology, Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society (Urbana), XV(1-2).

Lathrap: see DeBoer; Oliver (1991); Raymond, (1991).

Lauriault, Erwin, 1932, A tribe of lost artists, Inland South America (Our Flag and Field, South America's Indians), XXVII(2):4-5.

Lauriault, Erwin, 1952, El hushati chama, Peru Indígena, II(4):56-60. [Describes the ritual fight during which a man must scrape the nape of his spouses' lover with a special curved knife, and suggests, being impossible to forbid it, to "control" it at least./PE]

Lauriault, James, 1948, Alternate Mora Timing in Shipibo, International Journal of American Linguistics, XIV:22-24. [Base for timing, extent of timing, application of timing, consonants: p, t, k, m, n, s, s, h, c, c, b, flap r, q, i, i, e./MA]

Lauriault, James, 1951a, A semi-literal translation of Mark 1 in Shipibo, The Bible Translator, II(1):32-37.

Lauriault, James, 1951b, Lexical Problems in Shipibo Mark, The Bible Translator, II(2):56-66. [Among many other things, explains why "hardness of heart" and "evil eye" must be rendered as "holeless ears" and "bigness of liver"; this, and other texts published in The Bible Translator, are a rich mine of information concerning indigenous metaphors for bodily and psychological states./PE]

Lauriault, James, 1954, Solamente una cueva o una hallazgo arqueológico en el rio Ucayali, Peru Indígena, V(13):179-180.

Lauriault, James, 1957, Some Problems in Translating Paragraphs Idiomatically, The Bible Translator, VII(4):166-169.

Lauriault, James, 1958, On handling meanings in the vernacular, The Bible Translator, IX(4):145-150. [The author subsequently hispanicized his name to Loriot;

Lauriault : = Loriot ; also see Eakin.

Lavorel, J. [Donated a Capanawa collection to the Musée de l'Homme in Paris in the late XIXth century./PE]

Leceta, Fr. Jeronimo de, 1925, Descripción geográfica de los pueblos y fundaciones del Ucayali, pp.31-55 in Izaguirre, t.IX. [Written in 1837.]

Lehnhertz, J.F., 1970, Juan Santos: primitive rebel of the Campa frontier: 1742-1752, p.111-125 in Acts of XXXIXth International Congress of Americanists.

Lehnhertz, J.F., 1974, Land of the Infidels: The Franciscans in the Central Montaña of Peru, 1709-1824, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin.

Leigheb, Maurizio & Antonio Zecca, 1988a, I Centonove uomini giaguaro, La Stampa, p.70-77.

Leigheb, Maurizio & Antonio Zecca, 1988b, Gli Uomini Giaguaro, Natura Oggi, 7 (aprile):69-82. [Magazine stories about the Matis, sequel to a cinematographic expedition; many interesting photos; information largely derived from Erikson, 1987a./PE]

Leigheb, Maurizio & Carlo Giordani, 1993, Brésil: Sur les pas des hommes-jaguars, Terre Sauvage, N°75 (July-August):81-92. [Same as above; nicely illustrated plagiarism of my work. Same issue also includes Bernon's piece on Manu park./PE]

Leite, Serafim, 1938-1949, História da Companhia de Jesus no Brasil, 8 vol., Civilização Brasileira, Rio; Portugalia, Lisbonne.

Lelong, Bernard, 1972, Situation Historique des Indiens de l'Amazonie Péruvienne, Les Temps Modernes, N°316:772-3.

Lemlij, M., 1985, Alucinogenos y shamanismo en el peru contemporaneo, Ed. El Virrey, Lima.

Leon, N.P., 1908, "Reconecimiento del Alto rio Juruá", pp.300-320, in Larrabure y Correa, t.XIII.

Leon, N.P., & B. Mendoza, 1908, "Exploración del Alto rio Juruá", pp.341-368, in Larrabure y Correa, t.XIII.

Leuque, Enrique Philips, 1929, "Algunos terminos y frases en el idioma remo", pp.538-540, in Izaguirre, vol.XIII. [Some 140 entries; much disrespect for alphabetical order./MA; author served as Tessmann's informant./PE]

Levi-Strauss, Claude, 1964-71, Mythologiques, 4 vol., Plon, Paris. [Provides summaries of (and insight on) many Cashinahua myths in Abreu's collection./PE]

Levistre de Ruiz, Jeanine, 1982, L'Amazonie Péruvienne 1880-1980: Bibliographie critique, Thesis of the Université de Paris X-Nanterre.

Levy, Daniel, [1979], Spirits among the Shipibo: research proposal, Colombia University, Ms.

Levy, Daniel, 1988, "Histrionics in Culture", pp.91-135 in Randolph et al., eds., Dialectics and Gender, Anthropological Approaches, Westview Press, Boulder & London. [Analysis of the performance of a Pisqui Shipibo shamanic session; one myth (Star Woman) and 9 curing songs. One of the most stimulating articles on Shipibo culture ever written./BI]

Levy, Daniel, [1988], The limits of formal language in the Shipibo trapped animals ritual, Ms.

Levy, Daniel, [1991], The notion of a nation: the Shipibo-Conibo, presented at the 47th International Congress of Americanists, New Orleans, Ms. [Focus on the ever-expanding tendency towards cultural unification of all riverine Panoans. The author, also a lawyer, has extended first-hand knowledge of the Pisqui-Shipibo, reputedly less acculturated than their mainstream brethren./PE]

Lewis, N., 1978, Eastern Bolivia. The White Promised Land, 27pp., iwgia Document N°31, Copenhagen.

Lidstone: see Brown.

Lima Figueiredo, José de, 1939, Indios do Brasil, 139pp., José Olympio, Rio de Janeiro. [Among other things, important data on the Poyanawa, & Remo./MA]

Limpias Saucedo, Manuel, 1942, Los Gobernadores de Mojos, La Paz. [Important data on the Chacobo revolt of 1860 & aborted attempt to establish a mission in 1864; see pp.161-2 & 172-3./PE]

Lindemberg Monte, Nietta [org.], 1984, Estorias de hoje e de antigamente dos indios do Acre, CIMI, Brasilia. [Written for and by Kaxinawa, Katukina, Iaunawa, Jaminawa; many illustrations./PE]

Lindemberg Monte, Nietta, 1987a, MOITARA 87, Arte Kaxinawa-Acre, 16pp., F.U.N.A.I., Rio Branco.

Lindemberg Monte, Nietta, 1987b, Educação de mulheres indias, Projeto Educação Indígena "uma experiencia de autoria", Convenio funai-cpi-Acre.

Lindemberg Monte, Nietta, s.d., Breve quadro histórico dos Caxinawa, Ms.

Lindenberg Monte, Nietta, [1991], Repensando a Educação Indigena Bilingue e Intercultural: O caso do Acre, paper presented at the 47th ICA, New Orleans.

Lindemberg Monte, Nietta, 1992, Geografia Indígena, CPI-Acre. [Geography textbook; 61 pp. in Portuguese, 18 in Kaxinawa.]

Lindemberg Monte, Nietta, 1994, A Construção de Currículos Indígenas nos Diários de Classe - Estudo do caso dos Kawinawá - Acre, 178pp., Mestrado dissertation, Faculdade de Educação, UFF, Rio de Janeiro [published in 1996].

Lindemberg Monte, Nietta, 1996, Escolas da Floresta: entre o passado oral e o presente letrado; diários de classe de professores Kaxinawá, Multiletra, Rio de Janeiro [228pp., ill.; interesting analysis of three Kaxinawa teacher's school diaries, with general background information on the emergence of literacy among the Brazilian Kaxinawa. This book is anthropologically more sophisticated than one might deduce from the systematic mispelling of McCallum as either McCullan or McCallun !/PE]

Lindemberg Monte, Nietta, 1997, Shenipabu miyui. História dos antigos, 164pp., Comissão pró-índio do acre, Rio Branco. [caxinawa mythology in original version and portuguese translation; many illustrations]

Lindgren: see Rivière.

Lindholm, D., 1973, Plan de ayuda y desarollo para los Mayorunas del Yaquerana, S.I.L., mf.

Linhares, Máximo, 1913, Impressões de um auxiliar de Inspetoria do Servico do Acre, CPI; Os Indios do territorio do Acre, Jornal do Comercio, Rio de Janeiro, January 12, p.3-6. [Most interesting travel notes.]

Lino Olaria, J., 1905, "Exploración del Rio Ucayali", pp.516-520 in Larrabure y Correa, ed., v.II.

Llop: see Murillo.

Llosa, Enrique Salvador, 1906a, Las hoyas del madre de Dios y Madera y la nueva ruta de Urcos, Marcapata y Tahuantinsuyo, Boletín de la Sociedad Geográfica de Lima, XIX:260-301.

Llosa, Enrique Salvador, 1906b, Tribu de los Arazaires. Algunas vozes de su dialecto, Boletín de la Sociedad Geográfica de Lima, XIX:302-306. [Although the name Arazaire usually refers to Mashco (Arawak) groups, the vocabulary presented here is clearly Panoan./PE]

Lommel, Andreas, ed., 1960, Indianer vom Amazonas, 160p., Munich. [Ucayali; Bolivian Panoans; exhibition catalogue; no first-hand data on Panoans./BI]

Longacre, Robert E., 1968, Comparative Reconstruction of Indigenous Languages, pp.320-360, Current Trends in Linguistics, vol.IV., Mouton, La Haye. [Discussion of Proto-Panoan and Tacanan pp.349-353, summarizing Shell, 1965./KK]

Loos, Betty Hall de, 1976, Katukina/Capanahua, Materiales para Estudios Fonológicos, I:92-4/126-150, Yarinacocha. [Presents morpheme identification, nasalization, various alternates, accentuation, vowel and consonant losses./MA]

Loos, Betty Hall de, 1981, Auto-corrección en el relato capanahua, Revista Latinoaméricana de Estudios Etnolingüísticos, I:47-70.

Loos, Betty Hall de, 1986, "Self-correction in Capanahua Narration", pp.99-114 in G. Huttar & K. Gregorson, eds., Pragmatics in Non-Western Perspective, SIL Publications in Linguistics, Dallas.

Loos, Betty Hall de, & Thelma Schoolland, 1978, Noquen hihbaan joi (El Nuevo Testamento en el idioma capanahua, 637pp., Sagradas Escrituras para todos, Mexico.

Loos, Eugene, 1960, Capanahua Patrilineality and Matrilocality, 30p., Información de Campo, N°67. [Originally a term paper for Elman Service at the University of Michigan; filled with extremely precise data on kinship and its cultural correlations: moieties, clans, daily behavior, role of children; a few notes on death, shamans, and patrons; 2 mf./PE]

Loos, Eugene, 1963a, "Capanahua Narration Structure", pp.697-742 in Studies in Literature and Language, vol.IV, supplement, University of Texas, Austin.

Loos, Eugene, 1963b, Actividades del Instituto Lingüístico de Verano en el Peru, Peru Indígena, X(22-23):126-136.

Loos, Eugene, 1966, Tentative Proto-Pano, Información de Campo, N°229a. [2 mf, on Capanahua grammar, also see Información de Campo, N°66, 1 mf.]

Loos, Eugene, 1969a, The Phonology of Capanahua and its Grammatical Basis, 231p., S.I.L. Publications in Linguistics and Related Fields. [Publication of 1967 Ph.D dissertation, University of Texas, Austin; contains much more data of interest to non-linguists than the title suggests./PE]

Loos, Eugene, 1969b, El nacimiento de un alfabeto, Cultura y Pueblo, 15-16:20-22.

Loos, Eugene, 1970, Rasgos sintáctico-fonémicos en la historia lingüística de los idiomas de la familia Pano, pp.181-184, Acts of XXXIXth Congress of Americanists, v.V. [Analysis of the occurence of short vs long lexical items, according to position in sentence./MA]

Loos, Eugene, 1971, Questions to investigate in Comparative Panoan Grammar, Información de Campo, N°229b. [Answers by Scott, Hyde, Shell, Montag in: Información de Campo N°239-42.]

Loos, Eugene, 1973a, "La señal de transitividad del sustantivo en los idiomas panos", pp.133-184 in E. Loos, ed., Estudios Panos I. [Tentative proto-Panoan grammar; syntactical and phonological rules explaining the differences between contemporary languages, especially in the ways of marking subject and verb complement./MA]

Loos, Eugene, 1973b, "Algunas implicaciones de la reconstrucción de un fragmento de la gramática del proto-pano", pp.263-282 in E. Loos, ed., Estudios Panos II. [Also in Congreso Anual de Lingüística, 18, Arequipa, 1973; tentative reconstruction of proto-Panoan, and discussion of short vs long forms of lexical elements. Discusses possible Andean influences./MA]

Loos, Eugene, 1973c, "La construcción del reflexivo en los idiomas pano", pp.161-261 in E. Loos, ed., Estudios Panos II.

Loos, Eugene, ed., 1973d, Estudios Panos I, Serie Lingüística Peruana N°10, Ministerio de Educación, I.L.V. [Important collection of articles by Frantz, Hall de Loos, Loos, Scott, Shell, sharing a common theoretical-methodological approach, namely, transformational-generative semantics; 2nd ed. 1978; review by Kensinger (1981b)./KK]

Loos, Eugene, ed., 1973e, Estudios Panos II, Serie Lingüística Peruana N°11, Ministerio de Educación, I.L.V. [Cf. Fields, Kneeland, Loos, Montag, Young de Hyde; review by Kensinger (1981b).]

Loos, Eugene, 1974, Lista de palabras y frases para estudios comparativos en el idioma remo, Información de Campo, N°210a. [Data gathered from two Capanahua men who had spent some time with the Remo in the early XXth century. 9pp.; linguistic geography of Panoan phonemes (by Lauriault) on same microfiche.]

Loos, Eugene, 1975, Nasalization in Sharanahua, Work Papers of the SIL, University of North Dakota, v.XIX:24-27.

Loos, Eugene, 1976a, Estudios Panos V. Verbos performativos: partículas que tienen significado performativo o significado relacionado a los performativos en idiomas panos, 226p., Serie Lingüística Peruana N°14, Ministerio de Educación, I.L.V. [Elegant analysis of 37 Capanahua particles whose likes have plagued analysts for years with their enigmatic meanings, and are here shown to indicate "if the hearer ought to interpret the statement as an interrogative, imperative, declarative, or narrative sentence", as well as expressing the emotions and suppositions of the speaker, the level of doubt and uncertainty, etc. Author examines comparable phenomena observed in limited data from 25 additional Panoan languages./KK]

Loos, Eugene, 1976b, Materiales para estudios comparativos de la familia Pano: frases y textos de Mastanahua, 60pp., Datos Etno-lingüísticos, N°48 [1 mf; 60pp.]

Loos, Eugene, ed., 1976c, Materiales para estudios fonológicos, 2 vol., Documentos de Trabajo, N°9, ILV. [In t.I: Cashibo, Capanahua, Cashinahua, Mayoruna.]

Loos, Eugene, 1986, "Capanahua syllable restructuring in relation to comparative studies", pp.291-301 in B. Elson, ed., Language in Global Perspective: Papers in Honor of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the SIL, 1935-1985, Dallas.

Loos, Eugene, [1987], Pano-Tacanan Morpho-Syntax, Amazon Languages Seminar, Portland, Oregon, Ms.

Loos, Eugene, [1991], A glimpse of Proto-Panoan Grammar, paper presented at the 47th ICA, New Orleans. [Apart from personal knowledge and published sources, uses Caxarari data provided by Isaaqui Costa de Sousa (alem), and very rare Huariapano data obtained from the probable last speaker by Steve Parker, of SIL./PE]

Loos, Eugene, [1996], Panoan languages, ms.

Loos, Eugene & Betty Hall de Loos, 1971, Palabras y frases del idioma isconahua, 42p., Información de Campo, N°111b.

Loos, Eugene & Betty Hall de Loos, 1973a, "La estructura semántica y fonológica de los prefijos verbales en capanahua", pp.63-132 in E. Loos, ed., Estudios Panos I.

Loos, Eugene & Betty Hall de Loos, 1973b, Narraciones sobre los remedios y los antepasados (capanahua), Información de Campo, N°291. [3 mf, 170pp., no translation.]

Loos, Eugene & Betty Hall de Loos, 1980, Textos Capanahua, 2 vol. (175 & 261pp.), Série Comunidades y Culturas Peruanas, N°17, ILV, Peru. [21 texts, many of which variants; in Capanahua with Spanish translation; preliminary version in Datos-Etno-lingüísticos, N°8 (3 mf) & N°14 (5 mf).]

Loos, Eugene & Thelma Schoolland, 1976, Indice de las grabaciones del capanahua, 44pp., Información de Campo, N°259. [Also presents a catalogue of Isconahua, Mastanahua, & Remo recordings.]

Loos, Eugene, Patricia M. Davis & Mary Ruth Wise, 1979, "El cambio cultural y el desarollo integral de la persona", in M.L. Larson, P.M. Davis & M. Ballena Dávila (eds.), Educación Bilingue: Una Experiencia en la Amazonia Peruana, **** [apud Gow. Capanahua fear of Cocama shamanism.

Loos: see Hyde; see Fields; see Wise.

Lopez, Augustín, 1927, "Catecismo en lengua shipiba que los misioneros enseñan en Cashibo-Playa del Ucayali", pp.385-390 in Izaguirre, ed. vol. XIII.

López, Roberto, 1925, En la Frontera Oriental del Peru, 111 pp., Pará, Brasil. [Teniente Coronel López was head of the Peruvian 'Comisión Demarcadora de Límites con la República del Brasil' in 1924, for which task he made use of 'Cachinagua' labor. Of the 9 short pieces collected here, two are dedicated to Panoans: 'Picaduras de Raya, terapéutica de los indios "Naguas" (Peru)' (pp. 35-39) and 'Necrofoguismo?...' (pp. 53-63). One mentions the use of garlic as a remedy, the other describes endo-cannibalism. Many photographs, 8 of which depict Brazilian 'Cachinaguas'./PE]

Lopez, 1926, Los Nahua, El Comercio, Febuary. [Apud Coriat; head of Comisión de limites; compares Panoans and Kechuas.]

Lopez, O.: see Del Pino.

Loriot, James, 1954-5, An ethnophonemic alphabet for Shipibo; Shipibo Stress and Intonation, Información de Campo, N°176a.

Loriot, James, 1956, Preliminaries toward a calculus for semantic equivalence in Shipibo text material, Información de Campo, N°176d. [Also see Información de Campo, N°178, 1965, on the use of algorithms for identification of participants in Shipibo texts.]

Loriot, James, [1958], A set of completion [Wh] Questions in Conibo, Ms.

Loriot, James, 1960a, Shipibo Stress and Intonation, Información de Campo, N°176.

Loriot, James, 1960b, A key to the Shipibo Language, Información de Campo, N°177 & N°390.

Loriot, James, 1960-1, A Collection of Shipibo Myths and Legends; Some Shipibo Spirit Beliefs, Información de Campo, N°389a-b.

Loriot, James, 1963a, La espina, dieta y remedios, 3pp., Información de Campo, N°188a.

Loriot, James, 1963b, Cosmología de los Shipibo, 3pp., Información de Campo, N°188b.

Loriot, James, 1963c, Lessons on Shipibo Grammar, Información de Campo, N°399.

Loriot, James, [1980], A bilingual Alphabet for the Shipibos, Ms.

Loriot, James & Robert B. Bradfield, 1961, Diet and Food Beliefs of Peruvian Indian Tribes. I: the Shipibo (monkey people), Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 39:126-128. [Three pictures; written in collaboration with a nutritionist, but none-the-less sketchy.]

Loriot, James, & Hiliador Davila, 1960, Datos para el diccionario shipibo-conibo, Información de Campo, N°179.

Loriot, James, & Hiliador Davila, 1974, Leyendas de los dioses y otros cuentos, Información de Campo, N°183.

Loriot, James, & Barbara Hollenbach, 1970, Shipibo Paragraph Structure, Foundations of Language, VI:43-66. [Excellent translation of a Cumancaya myth (noya rao story); compare Weisshar & Illius 1990:578-585; Roe 1982:139ff, & D'Ans, 1975:147ff. Spanish version in Información de Campo, N°377c (27pp.), 1976./BI]

Loriot, James, & Erwin H. Lauriault, 1975, 33 textos Shipibo, Datos Etno-lingüísticos, N°2. [4 mf, 215pp.; Shipibo texts with interlinear Spanish translation. Includes mythology (classics such as the story of Yoashico Inca, the falling skies, origins of Cumancaya, worm-lover, etc.), words of songs (native + hymns), and a variety of narratives describing such things as beliefs about plants, animals, or spirits. One of the best of its kind./PE]

Loriot, James, E. Lauriault, & D. Day, 1993, Diccionario Shipibo-castellano, 554p., ILV, Pucallpa. [Result of 40 years' effort. Despite lots of annoying moral statements, unnecessary loanwords from Loretano-Spanish and biblical names (presented just like authentic Shipibo names) which reduce the number of entries to about 60%, this is the very best Shipibo dictionary up to date. Includes a very good sketch of the grammar as well./BI]

Loriot: see Lauriault.

Loukotka, Cestmir., 1950, La parenté des langues du bassin de la madeira, Língua Posnaniensis, II:123-144.

Loukotka, Cestmir, 1963, Documents et vocabulaires inédits des langues et des dialectes sud-américains, Journal de la Société des Américanistes, LII:7-60. [Nehanawa, Yumanawa, Paranawa, Nixinawa, Yawanawa, Shaninaro.]

Loukotka, Cestmir, 1968, Classification of South American Indian Languages, in J. Wilbert, ed., Reference Series vol.7, Latin American Center, U.C.L.A. [Review by Wistrand in: Linguistics, LXXV:106-113, 1971.]

Lowe: see Smyth.

Lowenstein, F.M., 1973, "Some considerations of biological adaptation by aboriginal man to the tropical rain forest", pp.293-310 in B. Meggers et al., eds., Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. [Cashinahua example, among others.]

Loyaza, F.A., 1942, Juan Santos, el invencible (manuscritos del año 1742 al año de 1755), 246pp., Lima.

Lucas, Theodore Drexel, 1970, The Musical Style of the Shipibo Indians of the Upper Amazon, Thesis, University of Illinois. [Gives musical notes for 152 Shipibo songs (all recorded by the Lathraps), no wording supplied. Ethnography taken from older literature, no first-hand data. Funny comments on the wording, texts, which are classified as "old", "very old" and "very very old"./BI]

Lucas, Theodore Drexel, 1971, Songs of the Shipibo of the Upper Amazon, Yearbook of Inter-American Musical Reasearch, VII:59-81.

Lucena Rodrigues, Francisco Paulo, [1975], Marubos; um povo em extinção, Processo funai/bsb, 3543/75 & 3974/75, Ms.

Lumbreras, Luis Guillermo, 1969, De los pueblos, las culturas y las artes del antiguo Peru, Moncloa-Campodonico, Editores Asociados, Lima.

Luna Pizarro, Chelio C., 1989, Primeros Destellos del historial de Pando, Offsetec Gráficas, La Paz. [A well documented collection of short texts, mixture of fact and fiction, in which the Panoan Karipuna and Pacaguara play an important part. Scholarly recreation./PE]

Luna Ballon: see Garcia Blasquez.

Lyon, Patricia, [1972], A comparative study of the arrows of the Peruvian Montaña, Ms., University of Berkeley, California. [Questionnaires and study of Museum collections./PE]

Lyon, Patricia, 1975, Dislocación tribal y clasificaciones lingüísticas en la zona del Rio Madre de Dios, Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists, XXXIX(5):185-207. [A valuable attempt to make sense of the region's ethnonymic mumbo-jumbo./PE]

Lyon, Patricia, ed., 1974, Native South Americans: Ethnology of the Least Known Continent, Boston, Little, Brown & Co. [Reprint 1985.]

Lyon, Patricia, 1981, "An Imaginary Frontier; Prehistoric Highland-Lowland Interchange in the Southern Peruvian Andes", pp.1-18 in Francis, F. Kense & P. Duke, eds., Networks of the Past, Regional Interaction in Archaeology, Proceedings of the University of Calgary Archaeology Association, Calgary.

Lyon, Patricia, 1987, "Language and Style in the Peruvian Montaña", pp.101-114 in R. Auger et al., eds., Ethnicity and Culture, University of Calgary Archaeological Association, Calgary. [Defines 4 stylistic units (for arrows): Ucayali (Cashibo, Isconahua, Shipibo-Conibo), Urubamba-Apurimac (Machigengua, Piro, Campa), Alto Purus (Cashinahua, Sharanahua, Amahuaca + Culina) and Madre de Dios (Harakmbut and Tacana speakers)./PE]

Lyon, Patricia, 1991 "Feathers are for flying", pp.70-77 in Ruben Reina & Ken Kensinger, eds., The Gift of Birds, Featherwork of Native South American Peoples, Pennsylvania University Museum Publications, Philadelphia. [Describes Peruvian arrow feathering.]